Both 的 6 種用法一次搞懂

圖片來源: Scott Webb

應該有不少學員在學英文時,常看到 both 這個字,卻被它在句子中不同的位置搞得很混亂。
那麼,both 到底有幾種用法呢?

正確答案:嚴格來說可歸納為 6 種,其餘多為延伸變化。

定義說明:
Both 的核心概念只有一個:「兩者都」。

(1) both 放在複數名詞前,作限定詞表示數量
both cats / both the cats(是否加 the,取決於是否為特定對象)
both of the cats(因為有 of 指定範圍,通常會加 the)
both my cats / both of my cats(概念同上,只是將 the 改為所有格)
母語人士常用 these / those 取代 the,以表達距離或語感:
both the cats → both these / those cats
both of the cats → both of these / those cats
這樣的用法不但自然,也能讓聽者更清楚所指對象。

(2) both 放在代名詞後,作同位語補充說明(適用於主格與受格)
We both like reading.
The teacher likes us both.
搭配 of 時的注意事項,若使用 both of + 代名詞,both 必須放在「受格代名詞之前」:
Both of us like reading.
The teacher likes both of us.
雖然以下兩句文法都正確,但母語人士通常較偏好第二句:
The teacher likes us both. 
The teacher likes both of us.(聽感較佳)

(3) both 可單獨作代名詞使用(前提是上文已清楚說明所指對象)
I have two cousins. Both are 34 years old. 
Applicants must speak Chinese or English, preferably both.
(both 分別指「那兩位表哥」、「中英文兩種語言」)

(4) both 作連接結構,搭配 and 使用(前後詞性必須一致)

Jack is both handsome and clever.(形容詞+形容詞)
George likes both Mary and Jenny.(名詞+名詞)

(5) both 作為副詞與動詞搭配時的位置原則
一般動詞之前

We both like to play sports. 
be 動詞之後
They are both very friendly and elegant. 

(6) both 不用於否定句,否定時應改用 neither…nor…,且 neither 視為單數
✘ Both of my brothers don’t play sports.
✔ Neither of my brothers plays sports.
✘ Both my father and my mother aren’t talking.
✔ Neither my father nor my mother is talking. 

例句:

(1) both 放在名詞前

  • Both these kitties are very cute.
    (這兩隻小貓都非常可愛。)
  • Jack likes both Mary and Tina.
    (Jack 喜歡 Mary 和 Tina 兩個人。)
  • Both of your sisters are very beautiful.
    (妳的兩位姊姊都很漂亮。)

(2) both 放代名詞後

  • We both went to the party.
    (我們兩個都去參加了派對。)
  • Sandy brought them both.
    (Sandy 把他們兩個都帶來了。)
  • I like both of them.
    (我喜歡他們兩個。)

(3) both 作代名詞

  • I have two cousins. Both are 34 years old.
    (我有兩位表哥/表姊,他們兩個都 34 歲。)
  • Applicants must speak Chinese or English, preferably both.
    (應徵者必須會說中文或英文,最好兩種都會。)
  • She met two new friends yesterday. Both were working in city hall.
    (她昨天認識了兩位新朋友,他們兩個都在市政府工作。)

(4) both 作連接結構

  • Jack is both handsome and clever.
    (Jack 又帥又聰明。)
  • Lucy hates both Mary and Jenny.
    (Lucy 討厭 Mary 和 Jenny 兩個人。)
  • I love to eat both pasta and pizza.
    (我喜歡吃義大利麵和披薩。)

(5) both與動詞

  • We both like to play sports.
    (我們兩個都喜歡運動。)
  • They are both very friendly and elegant.
    (她們兩個都非常友善又優雅。)
  • We both work from home.
    (我們兩個都在家工作。)

(6) 否定句(neither)

  • Neither of my brothers plays sports.
    (我的兩個兄弟都不運動。)
  • Neither my father nor my mother is talking.
    (我爸爸和媽媽都沒有在說話。)
  • Neither of them was ready to race.
    (他們兩個都還沒準備好要比賽。)

呼,真的不簡單。
但只要把 both 的「位置邏輯」與「肯定/否定」分清楚,用法就會一次到位。
希望這篇能幫助大家徹底釐清 both 的困擾!

返回文章總覽

發佈留言

發佈留言必須填寫的電子郵件地址不會公開。 必填欄位標示為 *

返回頂端